The Importance of Diet and Exercise in the Management of Diabetes Free Essay Example, 3250 words

Secretion from these glands decreases due to wear and tear, antibodies against it or due to failure in adaptation to the long-term demands of peripheral insulin requirement and resistance (Kumar, p. Failure of adaptation occurs due to lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and formation of amyloid in the beta cells region. All these accounts to loss of pulsatile and oscillatory pattern of secretion of insulin by beta cells, thus causing loss of attenuation of the rapid phase of insulin secretion which, actually, is the normal response to elevated glucose levels in the blood. As age advances, the mass of beta cells also decreases along with degeneration of the islet, further contributing to decreased insulin secretion (Kumar, p. Lipotoxicity is yet another cause of the gradual decline in the function of beta cells because of the inverse correlation between insulin sensitivity and levels of free fatty acids in the fasting plasma. There is immense research that supports a strong association betwe en insulin resistance and obesity. In fact, central and visceral obesity is strongly associated with risk of diabetes-2 (Kumar, 1195). Also, intracellular triglycerides and raised free fatty acid levels in plasma are potent inhibitors of signaling of the insulin. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Diet and Exercise in the Management of Diabetes or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

An Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s A Heavy Conscience Essay

A Heavy Conscience Trifles by Susan Glaspell is a short play built around the murder of John Wright. One might say that this play is dull and boring. However, that is far from the case. There are numerous entwined themes and ideas throughout the play. With closer examination of Glaspell’s work it is clear that there is a far greater plot in action. Mrs. Minnie Wright has been arrested for the murder of her husband while the investigation is active. Interestingly enough the murder is not the focused of this play. The focus is how two wives Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters identify with the accused. Throughout the play the wives uncover several seemingly insignificant clues which provide insight on the daily life Mrs. Wright before the death of her husband. Although both women ultimately end up identifying themselves with Mrs. Wright, Mrs. Hale appears to only aid Mrs. Wright due to the overwhelming guilt and shame she feels after learning of the circumstances Mrs. Wright life. Mrs. Hale feels guilty for not noticing how confined and isolated Mrs. Wright truly was. Mrs. Hale knew Mrs. Wright before she was married back when she was Minnie Foster, so she feels as though she should have offered Minnie more support. Periodically throughout the play Mrs. Hale reminisces over the former Minnie Foster. She recalls enjoyable and happy memories of Minnie when she was full of life. She goes on and states, â€Å"She used to wear pretty clothes and be lively, when she was Minnie Foster, one ofShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s A Heavy Conscience 936 Words   |  4 Pages A Heavy Conscience Trifles by Susan Glaspell is a short play built around the murder of John Wright. One might say that this play is dull and boring. However, that is far from the case. There are numerous entwined themes and ideas throughout the play. With closer examination of Glaspell’s work it is clear that there is a far greater plot in action. Mrs. Minnie Wright has been arrested for the murder of her husband while the investigation is active. Interestingly enough the murder is not the focused

By 112 Study Guide Free Essays

Silence of the Bees: †¢ How do bees communicate? Bees communicate through dance (the waggle dance). A methodic combination of buzzing, moving the behind in a figure-eight fashion that informs other bees about pollen/ food that is found in a particular area. †¢ Why are bees so important to the U. We will write a custom essay sample on By 112 Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. agriculture industry? Honeybees are the most important pollinator on the planet. They pollinate crops, which in turn creates food to eat. What percentage of the industry do bees account for? They account for one-third (more than 30%) of the food that is produced in America. They pollinate at least 100 of our most important crops (cotton, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, etc. ) †¢ What are some natural dangers to the bee industry? Natural dangers to the bee industry would be natural disasters (wildfires, hurricanes, tornados), wild animals (mainly bears) †¢ What is considered adequate pollination? †¢ What is CCD? Colony Collapse Disorder. This is a phenomenon in which worker bees from a beehive/colony abruptly disappear. When did it become a noticeable problem? Winter 2006 is when the issue was noticed, but it wasn’t until the following spring that it was named CCD and was being researched heavily. What are characteristics of CCD versus other hive disturbances/illnesses? The bees are completely vanishing, as opposed to a mite infestation where the bees would be crawling on the ground. Also, other insects leave infected hives untouched †¢ What types of crops are affected by CCD? A lot of crops are affected, all the crops that ar e pollinated by bees! In the video, blueberries, oranges, apples, cantaloupes (travel 55 hundred miles per year). †¢ Where do we get new bee colonies in the U. S. for industry use? We import bees from Australia. The Australian bees are the bees that could have potentially carried CCD to the US. †¢ What are factors thought to possibly contribute to CCD? Pesticides (which impair bees ability to learn causing them to forget their way back to the hive), cell phones interfere with be navigation, mites, or a pathogen causing this rare occurrence are all factors that scientists have thought to contribute to CCD †¢ If CCD continues, what would happen to the agricultural industry? Ultimately the agricultural business would die, food expenses would rise, unless we are willing to use hand pollination. What if any crops would be left? The crops pollinated by the environment (wind or rain) Examples are corn wheat, rooted crops (potatoes, carrots, etc. ) †¢ What is the approximate lifespan of worker bees? The approximate lifespan of a worker bee is 28-35 days †¢ What sex are worker and drone bees? Worker bees are female (collect pollen and pollinate other flowers) and drone bees are ma le (sole purpose= mate with queen) †¢ What is HFCS? High Fructose Corn Syrup †¢ According to the case study, what impact might HFCS have on CCD? If not stored properly, substances within HFCS will form HMF (hydroxymethlfurfural). According to the article used in the case study, what major issues/concerns were addressed by the authors? The first issue is how commercial workers are storing the HFCS in transportation. Also, how the apples will get pollinated if the bees keep dying/disappearing. †¢ What are the advantages to the commercial use of HFCS? It is easy to store if properly stored, stable shelf life (will hold for a long period of time), and cheap (because we have a lot of it; it is easy to find and purchase). It is used to sweeten foods. Earthworms: †¢ Which side of the worm did we cut into? We cut into the dorsal side of the worm (the back). The dorsal side of the worm was smooth and darker than the ventral side (the underside) †¢ Know the purpose of all the organs we discussed. Dorsal side is dark and feels smooth Ventral side is lighter and has a rough feel caused by setae Setae – Bristles that aid in providing traction for movement Metameres are the body segments that are internally separated by septa Clitellum – the light-colored cylindrical structure close to one end of the worm -a glandular organ that produces mucus for copulation -secretes the cocoon into which eggs are deposited â€Å"Head† or Anterior end of worm is the one closest to the clitellum – at he tip is the mouth Posterior or Caudal – anus (where waste is removed) is located here. Oviducts –small openings located on the ventral side where eggs emerge; followed by sperm ducts (located on segments 14 and 15) Cerebral Ganglion (â€Å"brain†) – located at the cranial tip of the worm Aortic Arches (heart) – 5 around the esophagus; pump blood in a closed circulatory system †¢ What is coelomic fluid and why is it important for earthworms? The coelomic fluid is located in the coelom (body cavity) that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton to support the body and aid in movement. What is the typhlosole? The typhlosole is the fold or ridge in the intestine that increases efficiency. †¢ Why do we dissect Earthworms? We dissect earthworms because they are a great introductory specimen. They lack a skeleton which makes dissection easier. They have some organs of more highly evolved organisms such as a closed circulatory system and simple digestive system. †¢ What type of circulatory system do earthworms have? Earthworms have a closed circulatory system with hemoglobin and amebocytes. They are the simplest organism with a closed system. Blood is pumped by a heart through vessels and doesn’t fill the body cavity. †¢ What do earthworms eat? Earthworms eat organic matter such as leaf, litter, animal waste, etc. †¢ How do earthworms obtain oxygen? Earthworms must absorb oxygen via diffusion through their moist skin because they don’t have any respiratory organs. How does their habitat affect this? Earthworms are burrowers found within rich soil which stays moist, aiding in the earthworms obtaining of oxygen. If earthworms dry out or the soil dries out, they die (suffocate) because oxygen can’t diffuse into their skin. These creatures have adapted by doing two things: 1) slowing down bodily functions during dry spells to conserve water 2) they can lose up to 70% of their body water before dying in this condition. †¢ How do earthworms reproduce? Earthworms reproduce sexually even though they are hermaphrodites. During mating, both worms exchange sperm to fertilize the eggs. This is an advantage because it creates more genetic diversity. †¢ Be able to identify structures in drawings like those in the handout. [pic] [pic] [pic] †¢ Know directional terms. Posterior – towards the caudal end (foot/tail) Anterior – towards the forward end (head) Dorsal – back side of the animal Ventral – bottom side of worm; tummy side †¢ Know the definitions of the external internal structures we discussed while dissecting the earthworm. EXTERNAL †¢ Dorsal side is dark and feels smooth †¢ Ventral side is lighter and has a rough feel caused by setae †¢ Setae – Bristles that aid in providing traction for movement †¢ Metameres are the body segments that are internally separated by septa †¢ Clitellum – the light-colored cylindrical structure close to one end of the worm o a glandular organ that produces mucus for copulation secretes the cocoon into which eggs are deposited †¢ â€Å"Head† or Anterior end of worm is the one closest to the clitellum – at the tip is the mouth †¢ Posterior or Caudal – anus (where waste is removed) is located here. †¢ Oviducts –small openings located on the ventral sid e where eggs emerge; followed by sperm ducts (located on segments 14 and 15) INTERNAL Reproductive System: †¢ Know the path taken by sperm to exit the male body during ejaculation. Be able to explain including all glands and secretions on the path. At the time of ejaculation sperm leaves the epididymis via the vas deferens. As it goes through the vas deferens to the urethra it picks up the following fluids in order: nutritive fluid from the seminal vesicles ( milky alkaline fluid from the prostate ( mucous fluid for lubrication from the Bulbourethral gland/Cowper’s gland. †¢ Why are so many sperm produced? So many sperm are created because not all of the sperm make it to the egg. Many die trying to fight their way through the acidity/stickiness of the female reproductive organs. Sperm must work extremely hard to reach the egg and once it gets to the egg it must continue its rough journey breaking through the zona (hard outer shell of the egg) †¢ Know the definitions of male and female reproductive terms discussed in class. MALE= penis Penis – composed of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue: o Corpus cavernosa – 2 cylinders on dorsal part of the penis o Corpus Spongiosum – surrounds the urethra; distal end is enlarged to form the glans penis Scrotum – thin membranous sac that houses testes. Testes o Produce approx. 200-300 million sperm/ 24hrs in each testes o Approx. 700 ft. f seminiferous tubules – 80% of testes. o Essential male organs o Proper function is dependent on temperature Epididymis: o Located over the top back portions of the testis o Store immature sperm Vas Deferens – Tube through which sperm leave the epididymis during ejaculation Seminal Vesicles – add nutrient rich fluid for sperm Prostate: o Golf ball size o Produces a milky alkaline fluid – possibly to help with proper function of the flagella Bulbourethral Gland/ Cowper’s Gland– produces a mucous fluid to act as lubrication during ejaculation. FEMALE= vagina ? Folds of tissue that are covered with hair on the outside ? Smooth and moist inside folds ? Located between bladder and rectum ? Capable of great expansion to allow fetal development ? Lined with endometrium ? lead from uterus to ovaries ? Have fimbriae extensions at end by ovaries to catch released eggs. ? Ova production begins about the 7th week of embryonic development ? At birth each ovary contains approx. 1 million follicles with the potential to develop into eggs ? Approx. 80% of follicles degenerate by puberty leaving about 400,000 ? Only about 400 eggs will mature throughout reproductive life of female †¢ Why do so many sperm not survive? So many sperm don’t survive because of their short lifespan and the environments each individual sperm encounters after entering the vagina. For example: the vagina is acidic so approx. 25% of the sperm die immediately upon entry. Once the environment becomes fluid again, the sperm remain viable for 28-48 hours before sperm run out of nutrients and starve. The female defense system attacks sperm as foreign invaders. And the sperm must make it through the cervix (usually thick mucus) which secretes a protein fluid called musin. Once it gets through the cervix, it enters the uterus moving through the uterine cavity. The flagella of the sperm must work harder to go up the fallopian tube (swimming against current) finally reaching the EGG! 60% of sperm is less than perfect. †¢ What is the difference between sperm and semen? Sperm is the male sex cell of semen that fertilizes an egg, whereas semen is the combination of fluids and sperm that leave the penis via the urethral opening. Semen is sperm mixed with nutritional fluid from the seminal vesicles, alkaline fluid from the prostate, and mucus from the Bulbourethral/cowper’s gland †¢ Be able to identify and label the male anatomy. [pic] Be able to identify and label the female anatomy. [pic] [pic] †¢ What are the male and female sex organs? Know the composition/purpose of each and be able to compare the two. MALE= penis Penis – composed of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue: o Corpus cavernosa – 2 cylinders on dorsal part of the penis o Corpus Spongiosum – surrounds the urethra; distal end is enlarged to form the glans penis Scrotum – thin membranous sac that houses testes. Testes o Produce approx. 200-300 million sperm/ 24hrs in each testes o Approx. 700 ft. of seminiferous tubules – 80% of testes. Essential male organs o Proper function is dependent on temperature Epididymis: o Located over the top back portions of the testis o Store immature sperm Vas Deferens – Tube through which sperm leave the epididymis during ejaculation Seminal Vesicles – add nutrient rich fluid for sperm Prostate: o Golf ball size o Produces a milky alkaline fluid – possibly to help with proper function of the flagella Bulbourethral Gland/ Cowper’s Gland– produces a mucous fluid to act as lubrication during ejaculation. FEMALE= vagina ? Folds of tissue that are covered with hair on the outside ? Smooth and moist inside folds to cap the ends of the corpus carvernosa (similar tissue to that of the corpus spongiosum in males) ? Located between bladder and rectum ? Capable of great expansion to allow fetal development ? Lined with endometrium ? lead from uterus to ovaries ? Have fimbriae extensions at end by ovaries to catch released eggs. ? Ova production begins about the 7th week of embryonic development ? At birth each ovary contains approx. 1 million follicles with the potential to develop into eggs ? Approx. 0% of follicles degenerate by puberty leaving about 400,000 ? Only about 400 eggs will mature throughout reproductive life of female †¢ What is the purpose of each reproductive structure covered in class? Answered in the above question. †¢ Know all of the glands and organs involved in the endocrine system along with their functions †¢ Consists of glands that produce hormones to regulate: growth, reproduction, metabolism, personality, etc. †¢ Hormone s – highly specialized chemicals that act as messages to organs; carried in the blood stream throughout the body. Pituitary gland (Hypophysis) – produces growth hormone and regulatory hormones †¢ Thyroid – produces thyroxin which regulates metabolic rate †¢ Hypothalamus – secretes regulatory hormones †¢ Parathyroid – regulates calcium and phosphate levels in blood †¢ Adrenal gland – produces corticosteroids, epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine †¢ Pancreas – islets of Langerhans produce insulin; rest of pancreas produces digestive enzymes †¢ Ovaries – Estrogen, progesterone †¢ Testes – testosterone †¢ How many eggs are matured during one female cycle? Females are born with 1,000 eggs and over a lifetime only 400 eggs reach maturation, but during ONE female cycle a SINGLE is matured and sent out to be fertilized. †¢ How long is an average female cycle? An average female cycle = 28 days †¢ Know the phases of the menstrual cycle in detail. o Average of 28 day cycle o Involves release of mature egg, shedding of old endometrium and formation of new endometrium o Follicular phase – first 14 days of cycle ? 1st week: old endometrium is shed (menstruation); follicular development begins ? nd week: formation of new endometrium; follicular development continues ? Ovulation: release of mature ovum around the 14th day; egg has approx. 24 hrs. to join sperm. o Luteal phase – endometrium continues to prepare for possible implantation of embryo o If implantation does not occur by the end of the 28 day (average) cycle then menstrual bleeding occurs and the cycle begins again. †¢ Know the embryonic and fetal developmen t discussed in the power point, video, and in your book. -Blastocyst – 5 days after conception -Implantation occurs within 10 days -4 weeks = arm buds, beginning of eyes 5 weeks = nose -6 weeks = leg buds embryo 0. 5 inches -7 weeks = ? inch; clearly defined fingers, visible internal organs and eye lenses -8 weeks = well defined fingers and toes -10 weeks = embryo=fetus; can move; approx. 2 inches long -14 weeks = fetus can bring hands together and suck thumb -15 weeks = sensory organs are almost complete -16 weeks = can actively turn -Fetal respiration = baby â€Å"breathes† fluid in and out. †¢ What is spermatogenesis? The production of sperm begins between the ages of 9-12 †¢ Know the structure of sperm and how/where they form and develop. pic] -Sperm is manufactured in the testes (testicle) in the seminiferous tubules. -Immature sperm are stored in the epididymis until ready for ejaculation. -Haploid cells (23 chromosomes) -Comprised of general three part s: headpiece, midpiece, flagellum †¢ What is the average production rate (may be a range) of sperm in a healthy male? More than 400 billion sperm is produced in lifetime and 200-300 million sperm produced daily. In normal semen, there is approx. 39 million (range from 33-46 mil) sperm/ejaculation How to cite By 112 Study Guide, Papers

Global Outsourcing for Exchange of Data and IP- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Outsourcing for Exchange of Data and IP Sharing. Answer: Global Outsourcing includes IT outsourcing which involves contracting basic concepts such as intensive exchange of data, IP sharing and computer services from external suppiers (Bharadwaj Chen, 2017). Global outsourcing therefore provides third party IT services to businesses and individuals. Among these is service delivery, software services and cloud computing (Ashri, Kotlarsky, Willcocks, 2015) . Companies outsource crucial management services in planning, business analysis and network servicing. Advantages of ITO vary. In the 21st Century innovation has improved performance in many organizations because of Reduced costs External market access to expert IT services Enhanced efficiency Improved skills Speedy business processes and project completion ( BPO benefits) The reduced costs factor incudes cost effectiveness which highlighting some of its advantages to the organization and individual. Companies hire external IT systems professionals for software installations and diagnostics. People download training material online for small business and office operations. This includes Microsoft Office, Accounting and Inventory software. Sharing work with an outside supplier is effective in cost management because it lowers management costs (Hammer, 2015). It includes operation costs like recruitment, training and office functions. Individuals also benefit from affordable computer services including software services. Access to external markets reveals that individuals can tap into the global markets through ITO. These includes services that are unavailable or deficient in the local and regional environment ( Love Hoper, 2015). Specialized agencies include, marketing, customer support, E-commerce, procurement and business management/expert support. Efficient outsourcing prevents unnecessary repetition of actions because of imperfect operations. This saves, time and resources. Evolved outsourcing caters for group functions such as cloud computing and video conferencing which enables managers to work effectively ( Dhar, 2012). Efficiency through innovation creates performance , improved practices and better service delivery. Outsourcing IT is one way to maintain quality and return on profits. Highlight the efficiency benefits of ITO indicating its connection to business operations and performance. Research indicates that ITO offers efficiency through convenient services available online. Martin ( 2016) identifies the benefits of outsourcing skilled workforce. The IT industry is dynamic and affects all businesses. IT professionals from across the world work as consultants and experts in specific fields through outsourcing. It fills the gap in skilled deficit and provides flexible working arrangements. Business transformation is expensive and may take time. However, innovative ideas in e-commerce allow companies to make money during project development through virtual offices. Automated configurations and processes such as websites, social media and mobile enable companies to outsource services using temporary platforms. This ensures continuity and prevents gaps in an business operation. Outsourcing software applications and website development improves speed for faster and convenient services. Outsourcing professional services includes software developers for customized company details (Marion Fiar, 2012) Technological advancement is not constant. Despite the benefits, ITO comes with challenges including: Dynamic IT industry causes changes in its outsourcing Competitiveness in the markets brings Infrastructural challenges hinder implementation of outsourced IT software Maintenance of an outsourced technology requires skills Control of outsourced services Market ccompetition Market prices IPO challenges ( Yu, 2011) Market Competition considers market prices, shares and IPO challenges. It elaborates on the competition challenges including price and market trends. Highlight the effects of unfair competition such as limited information access which affects ITO because reputable organizations searching for quality services have to rely on search engine optimizations which might compromise or mislead information. The installation, business and maintenance of ITO requires an framework system that captures the legal requirements ( Krutz, Vines, 2010). Hiring employees in a foreign land calls for the implementation of laws from the host and external country. This raises challenges of change management, legal framework,customization, data management, control conncectivity and diversification. Common legal challenges in ITO arising from third party involvements includes IP regulations, missed operational policies, differences in labour laws and systems integration. Among these is the policy conflicts, changes in business model, national regulations and ethics. The violation of privacy affects both business and individuals. Business contracts guide the business operations in ITO. This ensures the success of an external service. Legal issues comprise of global, regional, national and industry laws. The ITO legal framework include property rights such as pattents and copyrights. It also involves dispute resolution and monitoring of the provisions of the contract. The formation of a contract considers the cost implications, business terms, industry requirements and the market systems. These determine the framework for legal systems that enhance performance and reduce risk factors. These are cost factors, organizational, industry and legal challenges. Introduction Liedtka Ogilvie (2011) enlighten